Space Technology in Modern Conflict: India’s Strategic Response

Hybrid warfare involves the integration of conventional and unconventional approaches and tools weaponized to keep conflicts below the threshold of full-scale military wars. It also encompasses prolonged low-intensity wars fought on technological, economic, and societal fronts through direct intervention of technologies employed by states and their proxies. The military use of space technology was first observed during the 1990 Gulf War, and subsequently during the 2001 War on Terror, the 2003 Iraq War, and more recently, the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Low-intensity wars in Africa and West Asia have similarly seen the use of covert space technologies to gain tactical advantages.

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