While the condition is usually harmless and benign, it can be distressing for individuals affected. 

Dr. Niti Gaur of Citrine Clinic, who provides the best pigmentation treatment in Gurgaon, explains that understanding the causes of bilateral hyperpigmentation of the cheeks is crucial for effective management and treatment. This blog will explore the key factors contributing to this condition.

• Hormonal Factors

Hormonal factors play a significant role in developing bilateral hyperpigmentation of the cheeks. Fluctuations in hormone levels, particularly estrogen, and progesterone, can trigger or worsen melasma. It is why this condition is commonly observed in pregnant women (chloasma gravidarum) and is referred to as the "mask of pregnancy." Hormonal changes during pregnancy can stimulate melanocytes, the cells responsible for skin pigment, leading to increased melanin production and subsequent hyperpigmentation.

• Sun Exposure

Excessive sun exposure is a significant external factor contributing to bilateral hyperpigmentation of the cheeks. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun stimulates melanin production in the skin as a protective mechanism. However, in individuals with melasma, the melanocytes become overactive, resulting in the uneven distribution of melanin and the appearance of dark patches. Sun exposure not only triggers melasma but also exacerbates its intensity and duration. Therefore, protecting the skin from the sun's harmful rays by wearing broad-spectrum sunscreen and using protective clothing is essential in managing this condition.

• Genetic Predisposition

Genetics also play a role in determining an individual's susceptibility to bilateral hyperpigmentation of the cheeks. Studies have shown that certain genetic factors can increase the likelihood of developing melasma. A family history of melasma or other pigmentation disorders can indicate a genetic predisposition. While the exact genes involved have not been fully identified, further research may provide valuable insights into the condition's development and potential treatment options.

• Hormonal Medications and Treatments

Certain medications and hormonal treatments can induce or aggravate bilateral hyperpigmentation of the cheeks. Contraceptive pills, hormone replacement therapy, and even some cosmetics containing hormones may disrupt the delicate balance of hormones in the body, leading to melasma. It is crucial to consult with a dermatologist, especially if you have a history of melasma, before starting any new medications or treatments.

• Other Triggers

In addition to the primary factors mentioned above, other triggers can contribute to bilateral hyperpigmentation of the cheeks. These include stress, thyroid dysfunction, certain cosmetics or skincare products, and underlying medical conditions. Although the exact mechanisms are not fully understood, these factors may influence hormonal imbalances or stimulate melanocyte activity, leading to hyperpigmentation.

Conclusion

Bilateral hyperpigmentation of the cheeks, or melasma, is a common skin condition influenced by a combination of factors. Hormonal fluctuations, sun exposure, genetic predisposition, hormonal medications, and various triggers can contribute to the development and exacerbation of this condition. Effective management involves a multi-faceted approach, including sun protection, hormonal regulation, and lifestyle modifications.

If you are concerned about bilateral hyperpigmentation of the cheeks, it is advisable to consult with the best dermatologist in Gurgaon, Dr. Niti Gaur, who can provide tailored guidance and recommend suitable treatment options. Consult the doctor at Citrine Clinic.